Political Science and Security Studies Journal

The Nigeria Police Force and Law Enforcement: The Troubled Trinity of Class, Ethnicity, and Religion

Gbeke Adenuga — 2025-07-01

The Nigeria Police Force functions within a socio-political framework significantly influenced by class hierarchies, ethnic identities, and religious affiliations, collectively referred to as the “troubled trinity”. These structural components profoundly affect policing methodologies, community trust, and the efficacy of law enforcement activities. This research examines the ways in which these socio-political factors shape the operations of the Nigeria Police Force, utilizing the primordial and class theories articulated by Shils (1951) and McKay (1982) as analytical frameworks. The investigation employs a qualitative exploratory methodology, incorporating in-depth interviews and focus group discussions to gather intricate viewpoints from both law enforcement officials and community members within the Ife Police Area Command and adjacent areas in Osun State, Nigeria. The results indicate that class inequalities engender selective enforcement of the law, whereby economic and political elites are afforded preferential treatment, while marginalized populations endure systemic oppression. Furthermore, ethnic and religious prejudices infiltrate recruitment, deployment, and operational decision-making processes, further diminishing public trust in law enforcement agencies. The research emphasizes the urgent necessity for institutional reforms that prioritize professionalism, merit-based recruitment, and equitable representation across diverse ethnic and religious groups. Addressing these underlying structural challenges is crucial for the development of an impartial and community-oriented policing paradigm in Nigeria.

Manipulation Strategy in Political Discourse Within the Framework of ESP Teaching at Higher Military Education Institutions

Inna Semeniako — 2025-07-01

The article analyzes the means of verbal persuasion used in modern English political discourse within the framework of ESP teaching at Yevhenyi Bereznyak Military Academy. Current issues of political rhetoric, outlining the main means and strategies of linguistic manipulation in modern English political discourse are also highlighted. It is emphasized, that the strategy of linguistic manipulation is an integral component of political communication, since politicians actively use manipulative means to influence the electorate and shape public opinion. The analysis of political speeches shows that manipulative discourse is characterized by mixed lexical composition, the involvement of colloquial components, and the use of stylistically marked linguistic units that contribute to the expressiveness and persuasiveness of statements.

The Origin and Evolution of Military Drone (UAVs) Technology in Warfare Equipment in Africa

Rene Ngek Monteh — 2025-07-01

Abstract

The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could potentially revolutionise how military force is used in the future. While early operational experiences with UAVs show that this operation is promising, its full range of capabilities is largely unknown. Over the years, the application of drones has shifted from traditional methods of application to a much more modern one. Despite this evolution, the process of normalising drones throughout Africa has received little scholarly attention. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the historical origin and the evolution of military drones in the theatre of conflicts in Africa. The results arrived at in this paper have been thanks to a consortium of multinational academic literature embodied with the historical methods of analyses. Besides the conceptual framework of the study, this paper examines the historical origin of military drones, their mapping and evolution in Africa, and their humanitarian impacts as well as their limitations. From our findings, state and non-state actors have been actively involved in the usage of modern military drones in Africa during armed conflicts for the last two decades, and this is in an attempt to have a complete mastery over the conflict map.

Keywords: UAVs, military drones, Africa, armed conflict, security.

Politics of Security and the Anglophone Crisis in Cameroon:Politicization, Militarization, and Pathways to Sustainable Peace and Stability in Africa

Gabriel Cyrille Nguijoi — 2025-07-01

In post-independence Africa, issues of insecurity, identity, and governance critically affect nation-state stability, exemplified by Cameroon’s Anglophone crisis. Originating in 2016 with historical background, peaceful protests by lawyers and students against marginalization in the Northwest and Southwest regions, the movement has since 2017 escalated into a prolonged armed conflict. The Cameroonian government’s tendency to politicize grievances and emphasize militarized responses has deepened mistrust and heightened tensions. Public discourse remains fragmented, largely ignoring root causes such as governance failures, socio-economic disparities, and cultural marginalization. This analysis examines how Cameroon’s security policies, influenced by postcolonial state-building that views dissent as a threat to national unity, inadvertently foster insecurity. Utilizing securitization theory and human security frameworks, the study explores how these strategies intensify, rather than alleviate, conflict. Central questions focus on Cameroon’s security culture and potential methods to replace fear-driven governance with sustainable peace strategies. The paper employs an interdisciplinary approach combining political theory, socio-spatial evaluation, and conflict analysis, situating the crisis within broader identity-related insecurities in post-colonial Africa. Advocating inclusive governance, meaningful dialogue, effective decentralization, and prioritization of human security, the study proposes alternatives to militarization. Aligning with frameworks like the African Union’s Agenda 2063 and UN Sustainable Development Goals, it provides actionable insights for peacebuilding within postcolonial contexts. Through these measures, Cameroon could pave the way for lasting peace and stability, serving as a model for similar challenges across Africa.

The U.S. Intelligence Community's Experience in Assessing National Security Threats for Enhancing the Efficiency of Ukraine's National Threat and Risk Assessment System

Andrii Stroiev — 2025-06-30

The article examines the experience of the U.S. intelligence community in assessing national security threats and the possibilities of its application in Ukraine. The role and place of U.S. intelligence agencies in the system of identifying and analyzing current threats are determined. It is clarified that in modern conditions, given Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine, the implementation of the best global approaches to threat assessment is extremely relevant. The regulatory documents, strategic approaches, and practical measures used by the U.S. intelligence community to identify dangers and assess national security risks are analyzed. Directions for implementing the American experience to improve the efficiency of Ukraine's national threat and risk assessment system are proposed.

India's Experience in Attracting Foreign Investment in Military Equipment and Weapons Manufacturing: Lessons for Ukraine

Mykola Khomik — 2025-06-30

This article examines India’s experience in attracting foreign investment into its military equipment and weapons manufacturing sector, highlighting key strategies and policies that have contributed to its success. It analyzes the “Make in India” initiative, liberalization of investment policies, and strategic partnerships with foreign companies. The study identifies key steps taken by India to attract investment in military production, including market liberalization, government incentives, and simplified access to defense tenders. Ultimately, the article aims to provide valuable lessons and recommendations for Ukraine on how to enhance its investment attractiveness in the defense industry, drawing parallels with India's successful approach.

Peculiarities of the Modern Migration Policy of the Russian Federation on Adaptation and Integration of Migrants as Components of Migration Security

Olha Parkhomchuk — 2025-06-30

The article conceptualizes the scientific phenomenon of “integration policy”, which is one of the key factors in the formation and implementation of the migration policy of the Russian Federation as a mechanism for ensuring national security. It is noted that the policy of integration is the reaction of the political system to the spontaneous social process of migrants joining a new community, the essential characteristics of this phenomenon are analyzed, and it is emphasized that integration is a two-stage process consisting of the adaptation of a migrant and his/her further integration into a new community. Considering the acceptance of a migrant into a new community as an integral part of the migration process, the author argues that the incorporation of a migrant, along with the relations arising in this regard, are the objects of integration policy as a component of migration policy. Accordingly, the public interests related to the inclusion of migrants in the host community constitute its subject field.