Political Science and Security Studies Journal

The structure of the Iraqi political system in the face of regional crises after 2003

Mohammed Basem Hamza — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The research aims to shed light on the Iraqi political structure in the face of regional crises after 2003 and to identify the methods of managing the crisis of Iraqi regional relations. The research used more than one method. It used the historical method, the descriptive analytical method, and the systematic analysis method. Given the aforementioned considerations, the study employed an integrated method that integrates the previously mentioned methods, as dictated by the requirements of scientific research. The political structure, the nature of the regional crisis since 2003, and the methods and tools used by both the Iraqi and regional sides shape the research problem. The study concluded that the diverse political forces and parties in Iraq have varying stances on regional issues due to consensus democracy, political quotas, and a diverse range of intellectual and ideological concepts. To secure support from regional and international stakeholders and secure future assistance, it is crucial to consolidate the domestic front and adapt the state's strategy

The Defence and Security Forces in the Preservation and consolidation of National Unity and Integration in Cameroon: Commemorating National Day (20th May)

Rene Ngek Monteh — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Abstract

The process of forming a collective national identity within a given territory, broadly referred to as nation building, has been imperative for many African governments, especially after gaining independence. This was necessary to unite the pre-colonial autonomous ethnic groups which had been squeezed into single colonial entities. The persistent of violent ethnic conflicts in the post-colonial era, demonstrates that national unity has not been fully achieved in some countries and that it is still a necessary initiative to work for. Cameroon, like many African nations, is a multicultural society and has engineered national unity and integration through its defence and security institutions commonly illustrated during the annual May 20^th celebration. The central focus of this paper is to examine how effectively the defence and security institutions have contributed to the maintenance of national cohesion in Cameroon. It argues that federalism as the initial state structure promoted sub state nationalism which added to the ethnic diversity compelled the state to address more profoundly the question of national integration and unity. In this efforts, the military was directly implicated. It discusses the genesis of the military’s efforts as a national unifier, their achievements and challenges. Being essentially historical and using document analysis, the study concludes that the role of the military institutions in the preservation of national unity and cohesion has been a very complex one. Although great importance is attached to this sector, the results indicate that recent challenges faced by the nation have not worked in their favour.

Keywords: defence and security, unity integration, nation building, national day, Cameroon.

Russian activities to discredit international institutions in the light of the Russian-Ukrainian war

Dmytro Filip, Ivan Ablazov — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The article considers the peculiarities of assessments, conclusions of Ukrainian and Western analysts, experts and politicians of Russian activities to discredit international institutions in the light of the Russian-Ukrainian war, which were published in the last two-three years by organizations and media as: UN, RBC-Ukraine, Reuters, Censor, Bellingcat, The Wall Street Journal, Lloyd’s List, Yemen Shabab, Myrotvorets, The Guardian, Naval News, Kyiv School of Economics, CEPA, Foreign Policy, CNN, European Pravda, Euro Integration, Ukrainska Pravda, Bloomberg, TSN, Ukrinform, The Kyiv Independent, ICRC, Deutsche Welle, Market Watch, Daily News Hungary, Voice of America, The Parliament, NATO, Ministry of National Defence Republic of Lithuania, Aerotime, Wikipedia, Politico, Euronews, Sabah, BBC, Kyodo News and others. The relevance of the proposed analysis is determined by the fact that it allows to understand the main activities of Russia aimed at discrediting the well-known international institutions and to reduce its impact on the global security. The conducted qualitative analysis allowed identifying a number of issues that proved to be a priority for analysts in the political, economic, judicial, cultural and social spheres. It has been discovered that Russia provides different kind of operations which have a negative impact on the UN, NATO, EU, ICRC, IMF, ICC, IAEA, local, international media and others institutions. These aggressive Russian policy lead to falling the credit of trust to international institutions and can change all existing world order. If active countermeasures in the nearest future will not be provided, this negatively will affect the global and European security.

Analyzing the Effect of Consumer Sustainability Knowledge on Biogas Using in Rural Bangladesh

Amena Rahman — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0300

Bangladesh is solely dependent on indigenous natural gas for power generation where it has been misusing for times due to bad monitoring and defective supply-chain system. In this research, the author tries to capture the positivity of biogas system that might be proved as alternative energy system. This research aims to measure the sustainable knowledge index that can affect consumer behavior for biogas production and use. The author takes 200 households data from Rural-Bangladesh who already use biogas in home and use this for generating electricity. In this research, following systematic sampling, the author develops sustainable knowledge index (SKI) with 16 independent variables to measure the impact of these variables on Biogas raw materials collection (BRC) considering as proxy variable for biogas production. The multiple regression shows that Household Income (HI), Household Head Education (HE), Biogas Reserve Area (BR), Cattle Numbers (CN), Domestic Birds (DB), Agricultural Residues (AR) and SKI has positive and significant impact on BRC. Moreover, the author finds that biogas plant area has been divided with 3 groups (small, medium and large) where, households earn profit of US$ 125.13 (13,765 BDT) for small, US$ 150.34 (16,538 BDT) for medium and US$ 144.88 (15,937 BDT) for large plants with annual basis. The government needs to focus some strategical policies to develop consumer mentality to use biogas with large scale.

The new aspects of the PRC-Taiwan and the PRC-Asean interaction: the economic component

Oleksandr Mishkov, Oleksandr Mishin — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0300

The new challenges to the Taiwan Cross-Strait equilibrium observed in the beginning of the second decade of the XXI century are the principle item of the article. The differences between Kuomintang’s and opposing it Democratic Progressive Party’s (DPP) visions of Taiwan’s future foreign policy are also reflected. The core issue is a potential possibility to speak about peaceful reunification of Chinese people or the political ambitions of the parties are the obstacle for the process of integration started. Today strengthening of economic ties can become a bridge that will connect the mainland China and Taiwan island with the simultaneous PRC seeking to become the link between the North-East Asia and South-East Asia. Thus, Beijing is looking for the ways of strengthening the relations with ASEAN – organization, which became the core of Asian integration.